Do You Know Where You Are in the Universe

Where are you in the cosmos? Do you know your cosmic address? Where is it? Interesting questions, and it turns out astronomy has some good answers for them! Its not as simple as saying, the center of the cosmos, since were not really central to the universe. The true address for us and our planet is a bit more complicated. If you had to write down your full address, youd include your street, house or apartment number, city, and country. Send a message to another star, and you add on the Solar System to your address. Write a greeting to someone in the Andromeda Galaxy (some 2.5 million light-years away from us), and youd have to add Milky Way to your address.  That same message, sent across the universe to a distant cluster of galaxies would add another line that said  The Local Group. Finding Our Local Groups Address What if you had to send your greetings across the universe? Then, youd need to add the name Laniakea to the next  address line. Thats the supercluster our Milky Way is part of — a  huge collection of 100,000 galaxies (and the mass of a hundred quadrillion Suns) gathered together in a volume of space 500 million light-years across. The world Laniakea  means immense heaven in the Hawaiian language and is meant to honor Polynesian navigators who used their knowledge of the stars to go voyaging across the Pacific Ocean. It seems like a perfect fit for humans, who are also voyaging the cosmos by observing it with ever-more-sensitive telescopes and spacecraft. The universe is full of these galaxy  superclusters that make up what is known as the large-scale structure. Galaxies arent scattered randomly in space, as astronomers once thought. Theyre in groups, such as the Local Group (home of the Milky Way). It contains dozens of galaxies, including the Andromeda Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds (irregularly shaped galaxies that can be seen from the Southern Hemisphere). The Local Group is part of a larger collective called the Virgo Supercluster, which also contains the Virgo Cluster. The Virgo Supercluster itself is a small part of Laniakea. Laniakea and the Great Attractor Inside Laniakea, galaxies follow paths that all seem to be directed toward something called the Great Attractor. Think of those paths as acting like streams of water descending a mountainside. The region of the Great Attractor is where the motions in Laniakea are directed. This region of space lies about 150-250 million light-years away from the Milky Way. It was discovered in the early 1970s  when astronomers noticed that the rate of  expansion  of the universe was not as uniform as theories suggested. The presence of the Great Attractor explains localized variations in the velocities of galaxies as they move away from us. The rate of a galaxys motion away from us is called its recession velocity, or its redshift. The variations indicated something massive was influencing the galaxy velocities.   The Great Attractor  is often referred to as a gravity anomaly — a localized concentration of mass tens or thousands more than the mass of the Milky Way. All that mass has a strong gravitational pull, which is shaping and directing Laniakea and its galaxies. Whats it made of? Galaxies? No one is sure yet.   Astronomers mapped Laniakea by using radio telescopes to chart the velocities of the galaxies and clusters of galaxies it contains. The  analysis of their data  shows that Laniakea is headed toward the direction of another large collection of galaxies called the Shapley Supercluster. It may turn out that both Shapley and Laniakea are part of an even larger strand in the cosmic web that astronomers have yet to map. If that turns out to be true, then well have yet another address line to add below the name Laniakea.

Native Americans Pontiac, Red Jacket Essay - 1175 Words

We are going to take a look at Three Native Americans Pontiac, Red Jacket, and Tecumseh to see what the relation are with the white men. We are going to see how they gave to the white men and how the white men took from the Indians. Pontiac was an Ottawa Indian; Ottawa derives from the Algonquian atawewin, meaning â€Å"commerce† or â€Å"to trade†. There’s Indians were one of the first to deal with the white men and were told many times to stay away but relied on trades and other things from the white men. Pontiac was allies with the French with trade and other things until about 1762 when the British defeated the French at Fort Detroit. â€Å"Sir Jeffrey Amherst, Commander in chief of British forces in North America, turned command of Detroit†¦show more content†¦The Indians were being taken over by the white men and didn’t want to give up all they had so just like today we fight about it. There were a lot of religious beliefs tossed aroun d. â€Å"Quite simply, the notion white the ways of white Christians may be fine for them; they are not necessarily equally for non-white indigenous peoples who have their own religious beliefs†. The Tecumseh believes they all belong to one family, that they are all children of a Great Spirit. They all work together on the same path share the same pipe at the fire. I think they also believed they would become friend with the white men but again the white men sucks them dry of anything and everything they can. â€Å"Brothers we all belong to one family; we are all children of the Great Spirit; we walk in the same path; slake our thirst at the same spring; and now affairs of the greatest concern lead us to smoke the pipe around the same council fire! I think in this part of the speech they were telling how they were befriending the white men. â€Å"Brothers, -We are friends; we must assist each other to bear our burdens. The blood of many of our fathers and brothers has run l ike water on the ground, to satisfy the avarice of the white men. We, ourselves, are threatened with a great evil; nothing will pacify them but the destruction of all the red men.† This part of the speech show how they need to come together and not let anymore blood go on the ground to satisfy the white men.

Egypt is a republic in northeastern area of Africa it was...

Egypt is a republic in northeastern area of Africa; it was known as the United Arab Republic until 1971. Egypt is an ancient civilization that grew from 2600 to 30 BC. Egypts economic range includes involvement with mainly tourism, construction and manufacturing. Currently, Egypt’s economy is not doing well. Because of the revolution in 2011, the Egyptian economy has gone from bad to worse. The country’s unemployment is still increasing which is causing the budget deficit. Job creation is virtually impossible, and the Egyptian pound has lost majority of its value. To make problems worse, the general lack of security in the country has increased. All of these issues have a negative effect on the country. For example, the soaring†¦show more content†¦Moreover, the unemployment also increases because of the revolution due to many employees going on strike and not working. From February 11, 2011 to February 11, 2013, the unemployment rate has increase by 1.4% (Cent ral Bank of Egypt.) At this rate the country’s unemployment will just keep decreasing if something is not done. Currently, Egypt’s economic has been taking a number of harmful tolls from many different factors. For example, underground dollar trade and political instability has been reported to effect Egypt’s economic in a negative way. The underground dollar trade causes a negative effect because According to Middle East Online website, â€Å"money is sought on Cairos black market and currency traders at banks say they havent been able to meet their clients demand through official channels.† This makes it difficult for people to get the proper loan they may need to get a home or car. The black markets are worsening the economy. This has been a problem in the past when Egypt was struck with a thriving black market during economic insecurity in 2003. Black markets are affecting the banks of Egypt. Banks are forced to trade dollars in fixed ranges around th e central banks sale cut-off prices for interbank, commercial and retail transactions, giving rights sizable encouragement over authorized exchange charges. Although Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak stepped down, Egypt’sShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Kingdom of Nubia: Modern Day Sudan939 Words   |  4 PagesSudan, in ancient times was the kingdom of Nubia. Nubia was Egyptian, ruled around 2600 B.C. Sudan has had quite a diverse and interesting past shaping the country to what we now call Sudan. From the civil, war of the National Islamic Front and the People’s Liberation Army to the discovery of oil. Southern and Northern Sudan is rich in history, culture, and population diversity. I picked Sudan to learn more about my friends, and to put meaning to what they went through as United State refugees. 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The Concept of Cloud Computing

Questions: 1. Discuss the requirements for remote administration, resource management and SLA management. It may be useful to consider Morad and Dalbhanjans operational checklists for DSIs OSDS. This section should be no more than two to three pages in length. 2. Discuss briefly how you will consider application resilience, backup and disaster recovery for your chosen provider in relation to OSDS. This section should be no more than two to three pages in length. 3. Use Erls SLA guidelines to assess the SLA for your chosen provider. This section should be no more than two to three pages in length. 4. Provide a covering one to two page executive summary of these two assessments to DSI Executive Management and summarise the major opportunities and risks that have been identified in your assessments. Answers: Introduction The concept of cloud computing implies the remote servers networks that is hosted on the internet to manage and store processing of data and information rather than a personal computer or from a local server. In this report, the researcher has discussed different aspects of cloud computing sorely related to the Department of spatial information which generally includes Service Level Agreement (SLA) between two intermediaries in which one is a service provider and another one is a customer. In the first few stanzas the researcher has explained the concept of resource management, remote administration and in the next few stanzas the concept of SLA and disaster recovery and backup has been described. 1.0 Requirements of Resource Management, Remote administration and Service Level Agreement (SLA) Management Resource Management Resource Management is a process that manages the physical resources like bandwidth of networks, cores of CPU and fragmentation of disk space (Zissis Lekkas, 2012). It comprises of control panel where the administrator can access by the help of remote from any parts of the world. The computer system within the same network may transfer the data via Wi-Fi connectivity or wireless connection (Lee and Zomaya, 2012). This technology is a very standard in almost all multinational organization for resources of hardware management. Remote Administration It generally refers to a process of controlling a computer from a remote location. The common software applications that requires remote administration is often used when it founds impractical (Xiao Xiao, 2013). The department of Spatial Information must have the control over another system administrator; and the software that is used for accessing the remote areas is commonly used by all other companies. That, inbuilt software is crucially requires for accessing the remote administration system (Jadeja Modi, 2012). SLA Management It is a contract between end user and the service provider; that generally defines the level of service. Its concept is totally output based where and its main purpose is what customer will receive (Zissis Lekkas, 2012). The task of SLA management is to decide the customer requirements as per norms. It needs an expert that concerns service to match the customer requirements. Clearly, it states that what type of service that will be imposed on the Department of Spatial Information (Hashizume et al., 2013). It is generally managed by the SLA management and the concept of DSI is to be provided for betterment of supplier service requirements. 1.1 Morad and Dalbhanjans Operational Checklists for DSIs OSDS Morad and Dalbhanjans Operational Checklists for DSIs OSDS The use of access management identity is to provide user specific rather than to share credentials or establishing AWS infrastructure request. Appropriate use of operating system user access of accounts credentials by not sharing the private key pairs of all system administrators. Use separate EBS volumes for application and operating system for management and manipulating of several database administrators. Full testing of an AWS application of hosting which generally includes the performance testing and priority. Testing of patching and security process by using the AWS operating systems by customizing the AMIs. 2.0 Consideration of Resilience, Data Back-up and Data Recovery Data Back-up and disaster recovery Data Back-up implies making a duplicate copy of the original one to avoid mismanagement of data and information whereas disaster recovery involves a set of policies to activate the continuation or recovery of crucial technology system and infrastructure. In this scenario, the consideration of Resilience, Data Back-up and Data Recovery has been considered (Zissis Lekkas, 2012). The department of spatial information requires choosing of right vendor to make an adequate data recovery plans. The company management has to ensure that the allocated tools and techniques are well tested for the organizational management (Xu, 2012). This can be done to avoid any future consequences between DSI and the service provider. Generally, the concept are adopted and implemented to deal with several types of issues (Wang et al., 2012). The researcher has considered the concept of data back-up and disaster recovery by allocating the following assumptions provided below: Minimizing the risk: The DSI has to choose the right supplier who is experienced and well tested; so that they can work for an organizational management to provide lesser risk (Lee Zomaya, 2012). Security of data: The useful data and information can be retrieved by following the process of disaster recovery process. It is also important to ensure that the data and the information in DSI must be shared by government and public domains (Zissis Lekkas, 2012). Application Resilience It refers to ability of an application to react the issues in one of the necessary components and provide the best possible services. Now-a-days, it has become a very important part of an organizational management to adopt software applications across multiple infrastructures technology (Xiao Xiao, 2013). The department of spatial information must concentrate the process of resilience during the implementation of clod based infrastructural solutions in the model of OSDS. It generally works when there are no power interruptions. Through several administration systems the concept of application resilience is obtained (Xu, 2012). When the planning of the project is adopted the application resiliency is proposed and it establishes a connection between the data center for better emergency plan and disaster recovery plan. Its main work is to provide the appropriate web solutions that s basically developed internally in an organizational management (Jadeja Modi, 2012). 3.0 Erls Service Level agreement (SLA) guidelines The concept of service level agreement generally implies the communication between service provider and the department of spatial information. The organizational management is looking to adopt the cloud based model that is generally done via IAAS cloud method. The application of service level agreement must be clear and comprehensive for both the service provider and the client (Zissis Lekkas, 2012). For instance, if any new terminologies that are implemented that must be added to the application of service level agreement. In many areas of cloud based application the client uses the end user interface and the concept of API which includes communication and other adoption services (Hashizume et al., 2013). The guidelines of service level agreements need to be defined and must be kept updated. With the adoption of cloud computing services in many multinational companies it has been an efficient system for all organizational management (Xiao Xiao, 2013). In this scenario, the conside ration of Resilience, Data Back-up and Data Recovery has been considered. Its main work is to provide the appropriate web solutions that s basically developed internally in an organizational management. The main use of service level agreement is to access the service from any parts of the region in the same cloud service network; that increases the quality services for managing and manipulating the methodology of an organizational enterprise (Zissis Lekkas, 2012). Conclusion The entire topic has been concluded with the broad concept of cloud computing with an overview of service level agreements, application resilience, and data recovery and disaster management system. The researcher has maintained and manipulated the requirements of remote administration and resource management. The researcher has also taken the ease of Erls for the base of service level agreement of an organizational management mentioned above. References Hashizume, K., Rosado, D. G., Fernndez-Medina, E., Fernandez, E. B. (2013). An analysis of security issues for cloud computing. Journal of Internet Services and Applications, 4(1), 1-13. Jadeja, Y., Modi, K. (2012, March). Cloud computing-concepts, architecture and challenges. In Computing, Electronics and Electrical Technologies (ICCEET), 2012 International Conference on (pp. 877-880). IEEE. Lee, Y. C., Zomaya, A. Y. (2012). Energy efficient utilization of resources in cloud computing systems. The Journal of Supercomputing, 60(2), 268-280. Moreno-Vozmediano, R., Montero, R. S., Llorente, I. M. (2013). Key challenges in cloud computing: Enabling the future internet of services. Internet Computing, IEEE, 17(4), 18-25. Wang, C., Wang, Q., Ren, K., Cao, N., Lou, W. (2012). Toward secure and dependable storage services in cloud computing. Services Computing, IEEE Transactions on, 5(2), 220-232. Xiao, Z., Xiao, Y. (2013). Security and privacy in cloud computing. Communications Surveys Tutorials, IEEE, 15(2), 843-859. Xu, X. (2012). From cloud computing to cloud manufacturing. Robotics and computer-integrated manufacturing, 28(1), 75-86. Zissis, D., Lekkas, D. (2012). Addressing cloud computing security issues. Future Generation computer systems, 28(3), 583-592.